c3faa6d9-c80b-4bf6-8dad-7c41084d7bfePaper and board (water 0%) in waste incineration plantwaste-to-energy plant with dry flue gas treatment, without collection, transport and pre-treatmentproduction mix (region specific plants), at plant15.0 MJ/kg net calorific valueWaste-to-energyElectricity grid mixElectricity from hard coalElectricity from nuclearProcess steam from natural gas 95%Process steam from hard coal 95%Process steam from heavy fuel oil (HFO) 95%End-of-life treatmentEnergy recyclingThe modeled Waste-to-Energy plant (WtE) is defined based on the treatment of average municipal solid waste (MSW) in Germany. The thermal treatment of a single waste fraction like paper or plastic or even specific wastes like Polyamide 6 is not done in reality in a WtE plant. The waste is always homogenized to obtain a relative constant calorific value and to comply with the emission standards. Nonetheless the used model and the used settings for the average MSW allows to attribute the environmental burden (emissions and also resource consumption of auxiliaries) energy production as well as the credits (metal scrap recovery) to a single fraction or specific waste incinerated within an average MSW. Therefore the LCI data is valid for the thermal treatment of the specific waste within an average MSW. The following technology description explains the settings and technology of the average WtE plant used to generate the LCI data set. The data set covers all relevant process steps for the thermal treatment and corresponding processes, such as disposal of air pollution control residues or metal recycling. The inventory is mainly based on industry data and is completed, where necessary, by secondary data. The system is partly terminated (open outputs electricity and steam). Electricity and steam flows has to be connected and adapted to local specificities in order to take into account these credits. Credits for recovered metals are already included.0The data set represents the thermal treatment in waste-to-energy plants with dry flue gas cleaning and SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) as NOx removal technology. The energy balance of the incineration model reflects the average situation in Germany and is extrapolated to the heat input of the specific waste. The emissions are either calculated based on scientific sound transfer coefficients and the elementary composition of the waste or represent European plant and BAT data.The data set represents the incineration of paper/cardboard waste with a net calorific value (NCV) of 15.0 MJ/kg. The incineration is done in waste-to-energy plants (WtE) for the thermal treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Germany with dry flue gas cleaning and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx-removal to meet the legal requirements. Environmental impacts for waste collection, transport or any pretreatment of the waste are not included in the data set. The modeled plant consists of an incineration line fitted with a grate and a steam generator.
The average efficiency of the steam production is about 82%. Produced steam is used internally as process-steam and the balance is used to generate electricity or exported as heat or steam to industry or households. The energy balance for the plant was modeled country/region specific using data from ITAD (German association for WtE plants) representing 69 waste-to energy plants in Germany in 2008. The energy balance for the average combusted waste (38% net efficiency, 28% of the energy output is electricity, 72% is steam) is extrapolated to the heat input of the specific waste and the waste specific differences on the own consumption of energy (steam and waste) and auxiliaries. The own consumption is partly independent of the waste type (handling of waste before combustion) and partly depending of the waste composition (flue gas volume, treatment of specific emissions etc.).
The flue gas treatment system uses a dry technology with adsorbent and a SCR system for NOx-reduction. The NOx reducing agent ammonia is directly injected into the furnace and reacts with the NOx to nitrogen and water. The flue gas is conditioned, adsorbents added and filtered with fabric filters. Lime milk and small parts of hearth furnace coke are used as adsorbents; a part of the adsorbents is re-circulated. The fly ash together with the adsorbent is mixed together with the boiler ash (treatment of APC residues see below).
For the emissions HCl, HF, NOx, VOC, N2O, CO, NH3, SO2, dust, dioxin and the heavy metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb mean emission values per cubic meter of cleaned flue gas published in the BREF document "Waste Incineration" of the European Commission are used. Due to the wide range of emissions for some elements and substances the mathematical mean values are adjusted with additional real plant data. The emission of all other elements and the distribution of all elements and substances into the different residues are calculated by means of transfer coefficients.
The bottom ash is quenched, ferrous scrap and partly non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper, brass, zinc, lead) are recovered and a three month ageing process is done to stabilize the bottom ash. The produced bottom ash after metal recovery and ageing is reused as construction material (and will leave the system as bottom ash for reuse). The APC residues including boiler ash, filter cake and slurries are disposed in underground deposits salt mines. The disposal in underground deposits without free water and contact to ground water reservoirs was modeled as emission free. The operation of the underground deposit is included. Transports for bottom ash and APC residues independent of the different routes are considered.
All important utilities and auxiliaries used in the waste incineration plant are included in the system. To calculate the credits for the recovered ferrous metal scrap a "value of scrap" data set was used, i.e. the environmental burdens for the remelting and processing of the scrap are taken into account in the system boundaries. Credits for an eventual recovery of non-ferrous metals are not given.
Materials reacting exothermic in the incineration plant lead to energy generation (electricity and steam OUTput).
Materials reacting endothermic in the incineration plant lead to energy consumption (electricity and steam INput).
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity from renewable and non- renewable powerplants is modelled so that it represents a country’s specific consumption mix including transmission / distribution losses, own consumption, imports, emissions and efficiency standards, and energy carrier properties. Several factors are taken into account. (1) Energy carrier production - The exploration, mining / production, processing, and transportation of energy carrier supply chains are modelled for each country. The models account for differences among countries in production and processing, including crude oil production technologies, flaring rates, production efficiencies, emissions, etc. (2) Energy carrier supply - Each country’s specific energy carrier supply is modelled, taking into account domestic supply versus imports from abroad. Energy carrier properties (e.g. carbon and energy content), which can vary depending from where an energy carrier is sourced, are adjusted accordingly. (3) Power plants - Models are created to represent energy carrier-specific power plants and electricity generation facilities specific to different renewable energy resources. Energy carrier production and supply models are used to represent power plant inputs. Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are also considered. (4) Electricity grid - Models representing the electricity generation facilities are combined into a larger model that reflects a country’s consumption mix. The larger model accounts for a country’s production mix, internal consumption (e.g. pumped storage for hydro power), transmission / distribution losses, and imported electricity. The country model is also adjusted according to national power plant emission and efficiency standards, as well as the country’s share of electricity plants versus CHP facilities.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled to reflect each country’s emission standards and typical energy carriers (e.g., coal, natural gas, etc.) Both thermal energy and process steam are assumed to be produced at heat plants. Thermal energy datasets assume energy carrier inputs are converted to thermal energy with 100% efficiency; process steam datasets assume conversion efficiencies of 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to each country’s import situation (see electricity above).
Transportation: All relevant and known transportation processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers and their respective properties are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model aims to represent each country’s refining processes (e.g. emissions levels, internal energy consumption, etc.), as well as the country’s product output spectrum, which can vary significantly among countries. The supply of crude oil is likewise modelled according to the country-specific situation and accounts for differences in resource properties (e.g., crude oil energy content).Coke mixNitrogen (gaseous)Lime (CaO; finelime) (EN15804 A1-A3)Diesel mix at refineryStandard end-of-life treatment service for specific waste via thermal treatment.end-of-life_incineration_emission_factors_2008.jpgend-of-life_incineration_flowchart_2008.jpgend-of-life_incineration_paper_cardboard_composition.jpgThe model is build for the described technology and verified with measured data from several European incinerators and further literature data. The heating value of the input is calculated based on the elementary specification of the input. The material flow in the plant is calculated using individual transfer coefficients for every element and stage of the incinerator. An exception are the emission of some substances and heavy metals into the air listed in the table "Used emission values for the flue gas after FGT" above. For the input specification in the model the following elements and compounds are addressed: Ag, Al, AlOx, As, ash, Ba, Br, C (fossil, biogenic, inorganic), Ca, Cd, Cl, CN, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, H, H2O, Hg, J, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, NH4, Ni, O, P, Pb, S, Sb, SiO2, Sn, SO4, Ti, Tl, V, Zn. The modeled emissions to air in the flue gas of the incinerator are: As, Ba, Cd, Co, CO, CO2, Cr, Cu, dioxins, HBr, HCl, HF, HJ, Hg, Mn, N2O, NH3, Ni, NMVOC, NOx, particles, Pb, Sb, Sn, SO2, Tl, V, Zn. In addition slag, boiler and filter ash and recycled metals are modeled. The transfer of the elements and substances into the different mediums (bottom ash, APC residues and air) is done with transfer coefficients based on real plant data, literature and experts. Some of the elements respectively tracked substances leaving the system are input dependent. That means there is a stoichiometrical correlation between input and output. For other input the relations are depending on the used technology. The output of these substances are a function of the used technology and therefore independent of the specific input. Input dependent parameters are for example the input of C, H, Cl, F, S, N and metals and the emissions caused by these elements. The amount of slag, boiler and filter ash produced is also input dependent. Technology dependent parameters are for example CO, VOC and dioxin emissions, use of adsorbent and the composition of slag, boiler and filter ash.Partly terminated systemAttributionalNoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - exergetic contentAllocation - element contentAllocation - massEmissions and also credits for metals are allocated based on the settings for average MSW and the element content of the specific waste treated. A system expansion is used to account the credits for the ferrous metal recovery.
Background system (credits for electricity and thermal energy):
For the combined heat and power (CHP) production allocation by exergetic content is applied. Electricity and power plant by-products, i.e. gypsum, boiler ash and fly ash are allocated by market value due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by mass (refinery expenditures) and net calorific value (feedstocks, e.g.crude oil) is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGL) production allocation by net calorific value is applied.Direct land use change: GHG emissions from direct LUC allocated to good/service for 20 years after the LUC occurs.
Carbon storage and delayed emissions: credits associated with temporary (carbon) storage or delayed emissions are not considered in the calculation of the Global Warming Potential impacts for the default impact categories.
Emissions off-setting: not included
Fossil and biogenic carbon emissions and removals: removals and emissions are modelled as follows: All GHG emissions from fossil fuels (including peat and limestone) are modelled consistently with the ILCD list of elementary flows. In the case that the emissions refer to the molecules CO2 and CH4, they are modelled as ‘carbon dioxide (fossil)’ and ‘methane (fossil)’. Biogenic uptake and emissions are modelled separately. For land use change, all carbon emissions and uptakes are inventoried separately for each of the elementary flows. Soil carbon accumulation (uptake) via improved agricultural management is excluded from the model.NoneGaBi Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Water Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Agriculture Model DocumentationGaBi Land Use Change Model DocumentationGaBi Energy Modelling PrinciplesGaBi Refinery Modelling PrinciplesAll elements available in the model as input parameters are specified for the incineration good and therefore included. Cut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95% of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98% of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgment).NoneThe transfer coefficients for the elements (used to allocate the different elements and substances to the different mediums air, bottom ash, air pollution control residues) and the energy and utility consumption of the waste-to-energy plant are determined based on industry data (real plant data) and a comprehensive literature research. LCI modeling is fully consistent.NoneThe transfer coefficients of some heavy metals are extrapolated from elements with comparable behavior.NoneThermische Abfallbehandlung in Deutschland aktuellEnergie aus Abfall 2008Eurostat - Treatment of waste 2008Kunststoffverwertung im Kanton Zug, 2004Pääkaupunkiseudun kotitalouksien sekajätteen määrä ja laatu (Waste study of MSW in Helsinki), 2004Contribution of spent batteries to the metal flows of municipal solid waste, 2005Fachabteilung Abfall und Stoffflusswirtschaft: Restmüllzusammensetzungen 2003, 2003Aufkommen, Beseitigung und Verwertung von Abfällen im Jahr 2004, 2006Trender och variationer I hushällsavfallets sammansättning, 2005Biologisch abbaubarer Kohlenstoff im Restmüll, 2003Untersuchung von Batterieverwertungsverfahren und -anlagen, 2001Waste fraction of MSW in Sweden, 2001Abfalldatenblatt Altöl - Stoffliche Zusammensetzung/Schadstoffbelastung der Altöle, 2002Ökobilanzierende Untersuchung thermischer Entsorgungsverfahren für brennbare Abfälle, 2005Regenerative Anteile in Siedlungsabfällen und Sekundärbrennstoffen, 2001Evaluation report 2006, Municipal Wasteplan 2003-2007, 2006Getting a charge out of the waste stream: the status of consumer battery recovery, 1992Restmüllzusammensetzungen in Niederösterreich 2001-2002, 2002Kontrolle der Restmengenziele von Abfällen von sonstigen Verpackungen, 1999Klimarelevanz der kommunalen Wiener Abfallwirtschaft, 2005Chemische Zusammensetzung industriell hergestellter Gläser, 2007National Waste Report 2005: Data Update, 2005Best Available Techniques for the Waste Treatment Industry, 2004Batterien und Akkumulatoren sowie Altbatterien und Altakkumulatoren, 2003EUROSTAT - Waste generated and treated in Europe, Data 1990-2001, 2003EUROSTAT - Municipal waste management in accession countries, 2002Abfallbilanz 2005 für die Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf, 2006Der Beitrag der therm. Abfallbehandlung zu Klimaschutz, Luftreinhaltung und Ressourcenschonung, 2002Key facts about: Waste and Recycling - Household waste and recycling 1983/4 - 2005/6, 2007Erhebung der Kehrichtzusammensetzung 2001/2002, 2003Zusammensetzung und Schadstoffgehalt von Siedlungsabfällen, 2003Heavy metals in waste incineration, 1993Einsatz von Ersatzbrennstoffen in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage, 2003Messung der Güter- und Stoffbilanz einer Müllverbrennungsanlage, 1995Distribution of seven heavy metals in European household waste in components, 1989Evaluation program for municipal solid waste incineration plants, 1999Management of Bottom Ash from WtE Plants, International Solid Waste Association, 2006Management of APC Residues from WtE Plants - An overview of important management options, 2003Characterisation and management of residues from municipal solid waste incineration, 1995Modelling waste incineration for life-cycle inventory analysis in Switzerland, 2001IPPC - Reference Document on the Best Available Techniques for Waste Incineration, 2006Value from waste - Amsterdam vision on waste-2-energy management, 2006The use of chemical composition data in waste management planning - A case study, 2005Thermische Behandlungsanlagen Siedlungsabfall, 200795.0noneThe data set represents an end of-life inventory for the thermal treatment of a specific waste fraction in an average Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plant with dry flue gas cleaning. The data set includes the emissions and resource consumption for the thermal treatment of waste. The behavior of bottom ash and air pollution control residues on a landfill are considered. Credits for recovered metals are included. Produced electricity and process steam are unconnected (partly terminated). Electricity and steam flows has to be connected and adapted to local specificities in order to take into account these credits. It should be considered that this data set is an approximation to reality. The used model of an average German WtE plant and the average composition of MSW do not exist in reality and efficiencies, emission values, transfer coefficients and elementary composition will differ if a specific WtE plant is used. This data set can be used for the incineration of the mentioned and specified waste.All relevant flows quantifiedAnthropogenic Abiotic Depletion Potential (AADP), TU BerlinCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Acidification Potential (AP)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Eutrophication Potential (EP)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (FAETP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), excl biogenic carbonCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (MAETP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), excl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), incl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), Land Use Change only, no norm/weightCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements), Economic ReserveCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements), Reserve BaseEF 2.0 AcidificationEF 2.0 Human toxicity, cancerEF 2.0 Climate Change - totalEF 2.0 Ecotoxicity, freshwaterEF 2.0 Eutrophication, freshwaterEF 2.0 Eutrophication, marineEF 2.0 Eutrophication, terrestrialEF 2.0 Ionising radiation, human healthEF 2.0 Land UseEF 2.0 Human toxicity, non-cancerEF 2.0 Ozone depletionEF 2.0 Photochemical ozone formation, human healthEF 2.0 Resource use, fossilsEF 2.0 Resource use, mineral and metalsEF 2.0 Particulate matterEF 2.0 Water useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater ConsumptionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate Change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater Consumption, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater Consumption, Terrest EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater Consumption, Freshw EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater ConsumptionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater Consumption, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater Consumption, Terrest EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater Consumption, Freshw EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater ConsumptionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater Consumption, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater Consumption, Terrest EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater Consumption, Freshw EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Marine EutrophicationIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightLANCA v2.3, Biotic Production Loss Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Biotic Production Loss Potential (Transformation)LANCA v2.3, Erosion Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Erosion Potential (Transformation)LANCA v2.3, Groundwater Regeneration Reduction Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Groundwater Regeneration Reduction Potential (Transformation)LANCA v2.3, Infiltration Reduction Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Infiltration Reduction Potential (Transformation)LANCA v2.3, Physicochemical Filtration Reduction Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Physicochemical Filtration Reduction Potential (Transformation)TRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, Resources, Fossil fuelsTRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, Smog AirTRACI 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended)TRACI 2.1, AcidificationTRACI 2.1, EutrophicationTRACI 2.1, Human Health Particulate AirTRACI 2.1, Ozone Depletion AirTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, LUC only, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightUBP 2013, Carcinogenic substances into airUBP 2013, Energy resourcesUBP 2013, Global warmingUBP 2013, Heavy metals into airUBP 2013, Heavy metals into soilUBP 2013, Heavy metals into waterUBP 2013, Land useUBP 2013, Main air pollutantsUBP 2013, Mineral resourcesUBP 2013, Non radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Ozone layer depletionUBP 2013, Pesticides into soilUBP 2013, POP into waterUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into airUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into waterUBP 2013, Radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Water pollutantsUBP 2013, Water resourcesUBP 2013, Global warming, incl Land Use ChangeUBP 2013, Global warming, Land Use Change onlyUSEtox 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended and interim)USEtox 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended only)USEtox 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended and interim)USEtox 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended only)USEtox 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended and interim)USEtox 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended only)AWARE, high characterization factor for unspecified waterAWARE, low characterization factor for unspecified waterAWARE, OECD+BRIC average for unspecified waterBlue water consumptionBlue water useTotal freshwater consumption (including rainwater)Total freshwater useWSI, high characterization factor for unspecified waterWSI, low characterization factor for unspecified waterWSI, OECD+BRIC average for unspecified waterAWARE (excl hydropower), high characterization factor for unspecified waterAWARE (excl hydropower), low characterization factor for unspecified waterAWARE (excl hydropower), OECD+BRIC average for unspecified waterBlue water consumption (excl hydropower)Blue water use (excl hydropower)Total freshwater consumption (excl hydropower, including rainwater)Total freshwater use (excl hydropower)WSI (excl hydropower), high characterization factor for unspecified waterWSI (excl hydropower), low characterization factor for unspecified waterWSI (excl hydropower), OECD+BRIC average for unspecified waterThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.Sphera Solutions GmbHIABP-GaBiIBP-GaBiOverall quality according to different validation schemes
GaBi = 1,7 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the GaBi quality validation scheme
ILCD = 1,8 interpreted into "basic overall quality" in the ILCD quality validation scheme
PEF = 1,7 interpreted into "very good overall quality" in the PEF quality validation schemeThe dataset and systems, which are provided with our software and databases for public use into a broad user community, are constantly used, compared, benchmarked, screened, reviewed and results published in various external, professional and third party LCA applications in industry, academia and politics. So user feedback via the online GaBi forum or direct via user information is a standard routine in the maintenance and update process and leads to stable quality and constant control and improvement of data, if knowledge or technology improves or industrial process chains develop or change.GaBi user forumGaBi bug forumGaBi user communityGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedFully compliantFully compliantNot definedFully compliantNot definedSphera Solutions GmbHThis background LCI data set can be used for any types of LCA studies.Sphera Solutions GmbH2021-02-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1Sphera Solutions GmbHNo official approval by producer or operator2021-02-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesSphera Solutions GmbHtrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of Sphera Solutions GmbH. Sphera Solutions GmbH delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Incineration goodInput1000.01000.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivationvaluable