890863e4-8aa3-4fef-81bb-a0b0b45aa9f4Cold Rolled Aluminumtechnology mixproduction mix, at producerAluminium Cold RollingMaterials productionMetals and semimetalsThe data set covers all relevant process steps and technologies over the supply chain of the represented cradle-to-gate inventory with a good overall data quality. The inventory is mainly based on industry data and is completed, where necessary, by secondary data.0The data set represents the North American production mix, focusing on the main technologies and other regional-specific characteristicsForeground System: Cold rolling is the rolling of the metal at a temperature low enough for strain-hardening (work-hardening) to occur, even if the metal would feel hot to human senses. This may be done in three or four passes through a single-stand mill or in one pass through a multiple-stand mill. Before aluminum is cold-rolled it goes through a hot-rolling process. Due to the fact that most aluminum hot-rolling facilities in North America include operations in which primary aluminum and secondary aluminum (or scrap) are melted (often together) and cast into large ingots which are subsequently rolled, the system of hot rolling was expanded to include metal/scrap re-melting and casting steps to avoid allocation.
This process includes:
- Cradle-to-gate creation of primary aluminum ingot
- Cradle-to-gate creation of secondary aluminum ingot
- Shipment and handling of intermediate rolling products (re-roll coil or continuous casting products);
- Continuous cold rolling;
- Cutting and trimming;
- Finishing and packaging;
- Recovery and handling of internal process scrap and by-products of beneficial use;
- Maintenance and repair of plant and equipment; and
- Treatment of process air, liquids, and solids.
The output of this process is semi-fabricated or finished aluminum sheet and plate products transported to an intermediate or end user.
Background system: Addressed below (electricity and energy)
Electricity: Electricity is modelled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual energy carrier specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modelled according to the current national electricity grid mix. Modelling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption e.g. due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country-specific energy carrier supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific energy carrier properties (e.g. element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the energy carrier supply chains are modelled according to the specific situation of each electricity producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g. different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered energy carriers. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding energy carrier input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above).
Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources.Aluminum Scrap <u-so>ProductRNA: Aluminum, hot rolling, at plantmetals_cold rolled aluminum.jpgLCI resultAttributionalnoneFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"The Aluminum Association- The Envrionmental Footprint of Semi-Finished Aluminum Products in NA 85.03,415,608 MT (All Flat-Rolled Products, excl foils)Survey of randomly selected manufacturers in the Aluminum Association's database. A total of 97 companies and 317 facilities were selected in the sample, 129 facilities representing 25 companies responded.NoneNo statementAll data sets in the GaBi Databases are constantly used, compared, benchmarked and reviewed by a broad GaBi user community. Calculated results are published frequently in various external, professional and third party LCA literature, papers, and other media within industry, academia and politics. The incorporation of feedback provided by the GaBi users is standard practice in the maintenance and update procedure, and leads to stable, quality-assured and constantly improved data. The internal review is done with several iterative steps involving raw data validation, raw data documentation, representativeness, completeness and consistent modelling with regard to ISO 14040 and 14044. The data set documentation is correct in respect to the appropriateness of the information available. It includes all relevant information in relation to data quality and the scope of application of the respective LCI result.Sphera Solutions GmbHIABP-GaBiDept. of Life Cycle Engineering (GaBi), LBP (Chair for Building Physics), Universitaet Stuttgart; Review of the report was carried out by UL Environment as part of the EPD verification process, Tom Gloria of Industrial Ecology Consultants provided the expert review.Sphera Solutions GmbH2021-02-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1Sphera Solutions GmbH2021-02-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesSphera Solutions GmbHtrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of Sphera Solutions GmbH. Sphera Solutions GmbH delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Aluminium (cold rolled part)Output1000.01000.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryMeasuredvaluable