82a9b279-4894-4f4a-af53-c04b678d9e22Dark acid dyeing in jigger (mix silk)technology mixSystemsTextiles, furnitures and other interiorsThe data are of industrial origin, thus the data quality can be considered as high. Though no data are available for the specific waste flows for this process their contribution to the environmental impact of this process can be assumed as low. Water losses due to evaporation are not recorded.0The data set represents the country / region specific situation, focusing on the main technologies, the region specific characteristics and / or import statistics.Silk can be dyed with acid dyes, chrome dyes, reactive dyes, and direct dyes. Acid dyes can belong to many different chemical classes, most of them belong to the azo group, but also anthraquinone, triphenylmethane and other chemical groups are present. Acid dyes are rather classified by their behaviour and wet fastness properties than by their chemical composition. While dyeing the following physical resp. chemical processes occur: 1. the dye diffuses from the liquor to the textile material 2. the dye molecules accumulate on the surface of the fabric, what is controlled by the affinity of the colourant for the fibre 3. the dye diffuses into the interior of the fibre, a process which is slower than the transport processes of the dye to the fibre 4. the dye must be fixed within the substrate, e. g. by covalent bonds, by Van der Waals forces and other short range forces between the fibre and the dye. The interaction oft the acid dye molecules with the fibre are in part based on ionic bonds between sulphonate anions of the dye and ammonium groups of the fibre. Especially with acid dyes of a higher molecular weight, secondary bonds, such as Van der Waals forces, form aggregates with a high attraction for the fibre. Depending on the type of acid dye these dyes are applied under pH conditions varying from strongly acidic to more neutral (pH 3 # pH 7.5). If the dyes have a bigger attraction to the fibres, the pH must be increased to suppress the hydrophobic interaction. Chemicals and auxiliaries are sodium sulphate, sodium acetate and ammonium sulphate, pH regulators, such as acetic acid, and levelling agents, which are very important for acid dyeing. To the latter group belong many non-ionic, cationic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants, mostly important are the cationic compounds such as ethoxylated fatty amines. The necessary amount of dye is 1.5 % of the dry weight of the fabric for dark dyeing. The machine used for the analyzed process is a jigger, which consists of a tub containing the bath and two rolls on which the fabric is alternately wound.Provision of a standard technical product according to the applied technology.f316d6e5-9008-11db-b606-0800200c9a66_textile_dark acid dyeing in jigger (mix silk).jpgUnit process, single operationAttributionalNoneNot applicableAll data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value.NoneCut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98 % of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgement).
For further details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneWater from filtration replaced by water (feed water) from the process potable water from groundwater. For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneReference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Textile IndustryTextile Fertigungsverfahren - Eine Einfuehrung, 1998Data processed by ENEA in the context of the Towards Effluent Zero project (Towef0)100.0The data set represents a gate to gate unit process. It can be used to characterise related processes in LCAs. The modelling includes the process in itself. The supply of energy and raw material has to be combined specifically for each location. Process can be used for: silk and mix silk fabricNo statementThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.Sphera Solutions GmbHIABP-GaBiIBP-GaBiThe dataset and systems, which are provided with our software and databases for public use into a broad user community, are constantly used, compared, benchmarked, screened, reviewed and results published in various external, professional and third party LCA applications in industry, academia and politics. So user feedback via the online GaBi forum or direct via user information is a standard routine in the maintenance and update process and leads to stable quality and constant control and improvement of data, if knowledge or technology improves or industrial process chains develop or change.GaBi user forumGaBi bug forumGaBi user communityGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedNot definedFully compliantNot definedNot definedNot definedSphera Solutions GmbHThe data set represents a cradle to gate inventory. It can be used to characterise the supply chain situation of the respective commodity in a representative manner. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs. The data set does not necessarily fit for any possible specific supply situation - especially if significantly different technology routes exist - but is representative for a common supply chain situation.Sphera Solutions GmbH2021-02-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1Sphera Solutions GmbHNo official approval by producer or operator2021-02-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesSphera Solutions GmbH / ENEAtrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of Sphera Solutions GmbH. Sphera Solutions GmbH delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.FabricOutput1.01.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryMeasuredvaluable