2857fc5b-cde6-486c-8dc0-759a727ad7beKaolin fine, granular or powder, moisture content 0 to 30%, expressed in dry masskaolin-fine (powder or granular) with kaolin content exceeding 75%, particle size (d100) below 2 µm, moisture contents up to 30 %, stored in silo, ready to be shipped in bulkProduction at plantnonekaolin-fineMaterials productionOther mineralic materialsSpecific data collection and process modelling were performed in accordance with ISO 14040 and 14044 series. Process related data were collected from 4 production sites for kaolin-fine located in the EU (28) countries + Morocco + Turkey. The data were consolidated by process stage (horizontal aggregation). The resulting LCI calculation is based on the kaolin-fine production process route and corresponds to generic industry screening results. The electricity model used for the project is representative of the average production of the 28 European countries + Turkey + Ukraine. Other upstream data are based on European averages. For modelling and other upstream processes and materials, the Gabi database was used whenever possible and the Ecoinvent 3.3 database as second choice. The Gabi software has been used to generate this ELCD dataset for kaolin-fine.0Reference flow 1000 kg Kaolin fine - dry matter (Reference flow in total: 1075 kg Kaolin fine -> Water content 75 kg)The data set is based on average site-specific data of the kaolin-fine production plants located in the EU(28),Turkey an Ukraine. Electricity grid mix is an average of electricity produced in EU(28),Turkey and Ukraine. Other upstream data are based on European averages.Kaolinite is extracted in quarries or pits using conventional mechanical methods. The material then must pass through different processes (classifying etc.) before being calcinated and milled optionally. Transportation might be necessary between the quarries and the production plants.kaolin-fine is mainly used:
- for the coating of paper
- for the production of high grade ceramic products
- as an extender
- as pigment
- for chaniging rheological properties of mixtureskaolin_eu-27_kaolin fine.jpgLCI resultAttributionalNoneAllocation - massTwo cases: sites without by-product: 100% allocation to main product / sites with by-product: mass allocation (considering dry matter)NoneNoneProcesses and activities that only constitute a negligible contribution to the data collection were excluded using one of the following criteria: together they contribute to less than 1% of the total environmental impact for each impact category and/or b. they represent less than 1% of the mass input. All upstream processes (electricity, etc.) are included. Infrastructure is not included.NoneThe ELCD Dataset is based on average site-specific data collected from 4 sites using technologies which are representative for the kaolin-fine production in Europe, Turkey and the Ukraine. To generate the European + Turkish + Ukrainian typical values, a horizontal aggregation was used, i.e. an average was calculated for every process stage (e.g. quarry, transportation, classifing, bleaching etc.). Generally data from 2 to 3 sites were used for deriving representative data for each process stage. The general procedure adopted during the project for data collection and LCI calculation was: 1. Collect information from the selected sites, per process stage. 2. Aggregate these individual information per process stage, using an horizontal aggregation method 3. Calculate the LCI of kaolin-fine product, based on the process route detailed in the enclosed figure.NoneNoneNoneEcoinvent DatabaseGaBi databasesData collection at producers88.0Selection of sites for the reporting of process data based on a preliminary survey among all KPC members2015"The data set is a cradle to gate life cycle analysis of koalin - fine products. The LCI data set should be used for LCI/ LCA studies where kaolin-fine is used. The transportation of the kaolin-fine from the production plant, its packaging (if any) and any further use has to be taken into account additionally since the data base on a cradle-to-gate approach. Disclaimer: Being average figures, the LCI data provided in this datasheet are representative for the kaolin-fine production as a whole. It is to be noted that in some cases site specific values may vary on some flows compared to the figures here enclosed.
"No statementCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Eutrophication Potential (EP)Climate change midpoint, incl biogenic carbon (v1.09)Climate change midpoint, excl biogenic carbon (v1.09)Ionizing radiation midpoint, human health (v1.09)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (MAETP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (FAETP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Acidification Potential (AP)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), excl biogenic carbonCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil)Primary energy from non renewable resources (net cal. value)Primary energy from renewable resources (net cal. value)Primary energy demand from ren. and non ren. resources (net cal. value)Cross check with other data set. Compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. Compliance with ILCD Entry Level. Independant External review. Scope: LCI results or Partly terminated system.Carlo StrazzaILCD Data Network - Entry-levelFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantKPC-EuropeThe aim of the project was to provide generic industry screening results to ELCD (via specific data collection and process modelling).They should be used for LCI/LCA generic screening purposes, whenever generic data for kaolin-fine production are needed.EESAC2021-02-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1EESACKPC-Europe2021-02-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedKPC-EuropetrueOtherThe data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perform LCA studies, to distribute it to third parties, to convert it to other formats, to develop own data sets etc. as long as the copyright and license conditions for the ELCD data sets and the ILCD format are met that can be accessed via http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Please note e.g. that reference must be given to the 'Owner of data set' and to the 'ELCD database' plus version number, when using the data set or parts thereof. Please note also, that any modifications/omissions of the data set results in invalidity of any existing 'Official approval of data set by producer/operator', that the impression must be avoided that this would still be a complete ELCD data set, and that the content of further fields has to be adjusted. For details see the aforementioned copyright and license conditions.Kaolin fine, granular or powder, moisture content 0 to 30%, expressed in dry massOutput1000.01000.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivationvaluable